Moonstone
Moonstone is a type of feldspar with an alluring effect called "adularescence." This effect is characterized by a blue to white sheen that changes with the direction of light. Rainbow moonstones can display a flash of an array of colors. Moonstone is one of the June birthstones.
Where it's Found: Around the world, including Australia, Austria, Finland, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Norway, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania, and the US.
Mohs Hardness Scale: 6-6.5
Moissanite
Moissanite makes a good alternative to diamond, especially as it is capable of fooling diamond testers. It actually has more fire than a diamond and, where diamond is the hardest stone on the Mohs scale, Moissanite is second.
Almost all moissanites are ethically lab-grown due to their rarity
Mohs Hardness Scale: 9.25-9.5
Pearl
The vast majority of pearls on the market are cultured because they very rarely form naturally in the wild. A pearl's value is derived from its luster, shape, surface quality, color, and size. While natural pearls command much higher prices, cultured pearls are still real, as opposed to imitations made from materials like plastic. To tell a real from a fake, you can gently rub a pearl against your teeth. Real pearls feel gritty whereas imitations are smooth.
Where it's Found: China, Japan, French Polynesia, Australia, Indonesia, and the Phillipines.
Mohs Hardness Scale: 2.5-4.5
White Buffalo
Most commonly known as "White Buffalo Turquoise," this stone is not actually turquoise. Rather, it is a white dolomite with a black matrix. It has cultural significance in the use of Native American jewelry and only comes out of one mine in Nevada, USA.
Where it's Found: Nevada, USA.
Mohs Hardness Scale: 3.5-4.5